Measures
The expedients main adoptable by the terrain four or more wheels and applicable to a large extent also in motorcycles, are:
- All-wheel drive permanent or inserted that allows for better traction on slippery, snowy, icy or muddy.
- Differential (front, rear, and / or center) locked or limited slip.
- Body with frame or reinforced to withstand the stresses due to easier terrain.
- Air vents of the motor power supply and electrical system protected or fitted in such a way as to avoid the entry of water in case of ford.
- Tyres with tread more pronounced for better grip on slippery or loose money.
- Changing gear with reports to more easily overcome steep slopes.
- Particular values for the angle of attack (formed by the front overhang ), the exit angle (formed by the rear overhang ) and the ramp angle (between the axes, center distance ).
- Minimum height from the ground more than a regular vehicle to more easily overcome the obstacles and reduce contact in rough terrain.
- Suspension are adoperate suspension enabling a longer stroke and with a stiffness smaller, which allows not to provide excessive shocks to the frame and crew
- Shock absorber are calibrated softer, so as to allow a greater rate of reaction to the suspension
- Steering damper device adapted to decrease the forces transmitted from the wheel to the steering wheel.
Exceptions
Although the four-wheel drive was used already some of the car, such as the Mitsubishi PX33 or the GAZ-61 , the first vehicle to have the above mentioned characteristics was the famous Jeep , namely the Willys MB built in the United States during the War world .
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